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Sound Medicine: Music and Mental Health

We’ve all had music affect our mood, but how can the emotional power of music be harnessed to treat mental health?

Today, Bey and Kirsten speak with two mental health professionals to learn about how music is incorporated into their practices. First, the two sit down with Dr. Marisol Norris to explore the field of music therapy, even trying out an exercise together! Then, they speak with intergenerational trauma expert Dr. Mariel Buqué to learn about her therapy practice and how she incorporates sound baths into her work.

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Transcript
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Hey, what's up, everyone?

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It's The Bul Bey, checking in ahead of today's episode.

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There is mentioning of police brutality so if this is an activating subject for you,

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please proceed with caution, and we will leave resources in the show notes.

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Hey, what's up? My name is The Bul Bey.

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And I'm Kirsten Michelle Cills.

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Welcome to the So Curious podcast, presented by the Franklin Institute!

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All right, today's episode is really

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interesting because we're going to be combining the topic of last season, the

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science of mental health, with the topic of this season, the science of music.

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Full circle. Yeah, this is going to be interesting.

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All right, so first we're going to be sitting down with Dr.

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Marisol Norris to learn about music therapy.

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So what is it? How does it work?

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What does it look like in practice?

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Which is very interesting to me.

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And then we'll be speaking to therapists and intergenerational trauma expert Dr.

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Marielle Bouquet about how she

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incorporates sound baths into her therapy practice.

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Okay, so what sort of music do you listen to to support your mental health, Bey?

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You know, Korn, System of a Down - I'm

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totally joking - Limp Bizcit! Ummm, mantra-like lyrics.

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You're singing a song, you're bopping

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along, but then you're saying these phrases like. "I deserve it!

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Because I'm worth it" And all that stuff, that kind of lifts me up a little bit.

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So, lyric, you like when the lyrics align?

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I'm definitely a lyrical person. I love bars.

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I love lyrics. I love words.

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What about you? What about you?

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What supports your mental health?

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I like to listen to songs that have to do

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with like, you have time to do the things you need to do.

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I love to listen to stuff thematically that's like, girl, live your life.

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I know, showbiz is hard. Yeah.

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You're going to be okay!

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Here to teach us how music is used by

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mental health professionals, we're now joined by Dr.

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Marisol Norris.

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Thanks for coming on the show!

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Hi, everyone, hi! How are you?

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Welcome to So Curious!

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I am so excited to be here, I'm glad to be with you!

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Yeah. We're going to get into this good

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conversation, and we got a bunch of questions.

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Dr. Marisol Norris.

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Can you introduce yourself?

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Explain what it is that you do.

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Brag about yourself for a few minutes.

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All right, so I am Dr.

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Marisol Norris.

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I am a music therapist.

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I've been a music therapist now for 13 years.

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I am the director of the music therapy and counseling program at Drexel University

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and also the founder and CEO of the Black Music Therapy Network.

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And so a lot of my work really goes into

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teaching about music therapy and also really connecting different communities

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within music therapy so that it becomes more accessible.

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Amazing. Awesome.

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So what is music therapy? Yeah.

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Break it down.

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Yes, so the beautiful thing is that there are so many different ways to define that

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question, and the way in which I like to think about it, is that music therapy is a

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healthcare profession that utilizes a wide range of music to really support health

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and well being of individuals, groups, communities at large.

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That's awesome.

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So over the course of 13 years, which is - that's a flex, first of all

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Well, I had to do the math today, I was like, how long have I been doing this?

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No, that's awesome! I was going to ask, what communities have

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you focused on throughout that time, and why have you focused on those communities?

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Yeah, so actually I've worked in a lot of different settings.

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I've worked in acute care psychiatric settings, worked within dual diagnosis, so

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people that are dealing with aspects of mental health along with addictions, I've

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worked with children with intellectual disabilities.

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I've worked with - here in the Philadelphia Family Court system with

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children and their noncustodial parents, kind of developing family networks.

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And so, a lot of my work actually does go through a broad array of areas of just

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human health and well being, and really focuses on aspects of trauma, of loss,

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aspects of familial conflict and resolution and overall wellness.

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And now, wait, how does music come into play in all of that?

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That sounds, like, super complex and heavy, but music has a place in that.

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Music has a place.

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And I think this is why it's so hard

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sometimes to define music therapy, because we know that we use music in our day to

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day lives for different things, but we don't always have it in our awareness.

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We use it to dance!

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That is probably one of the most noted experiences with music!

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But there is such a wide range of ways to utilize music, and sometimes when we just

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bring it to our awareness, we realize that we're actually using it in our moment to

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momen,t in our day to day, to address a wide variety of our health needs.

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We love stories and examples on this podcast.

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So, based on what you've seen in your time

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in the field, what are some examples of things that stick out to you as really

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notable impacts that you've seen, of music therapy's effect on mental health?

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Yeah, so actually, currently I'm doing songwriting workshops called Lyric and

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Flow at 11th street, and it's exploring trauma through songwriting.

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And one of the prime ways in which we're

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utilizing music in this space is, one, thinking about the ways in which music has

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helped us to be conscious - and I'm going to speak about consciousness quite a bit.

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That's kind of my lens as a psychodynamic therapist...

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What does that mean, really qucikly?

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So psychodynamic therapy is really

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thinking about the ways in which we have lived experiences that are sometimes

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placed in the forefront of our minds, and then others that are placed towards the

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back of our mind, the back of our consciousness.

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And so oftentimes music is seen as something that can elicit different

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experiences that all of a sudden are emerged to the forefront of our mind.

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So, for example, you can be listening to a song and then

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all of a sudden become extremely emotional.

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You're not really sure why, but by the end

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of the song, you're like, oh, my goodness, I know why this song moved me!

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Right?

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And so it's thinking about the ways in which music has this effect of actually

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remembering or bringing something into a clearer picture.

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And so I use that word "remembering" as almost like putting pieces of something

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together, putting the members back of a picture together.

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And so in different ways, that kind of

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"remembering" does take place within this particular group.

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And so, most recently, it's beautiful how as a therapist, as a music therapist,

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sometimes you have to do a lot of holding of the process to make sure that people

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that may or may not have day-to-day relationships with creating and

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constructing songs, sometimes it might take a while to get a song done, right?

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So I've been doing this group now for over

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a year with different cycles of songwriting.

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And there's some cycles that people take a while to get their song out, and there's

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some cycles where it's like, oh, are you ready to write a song?

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And the lyrics get all put down in that one, half an hour, or what have you!

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And so when we think about trauma, we oftentimes think about these very negative

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experiences that have long lasting impacts on multiple aspects of our lives.

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And for this particular group, they didn't want to focus on the element of "harm"

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because they had done such a great job in the previous group to actually think

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about, okay, hey, we're placing all of this stuff in the song.

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They were like, "Can we talk about peace now?

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Can we talk about joy?

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Can we talk about all these different

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pieces?" And I think that was so very significant because, oftentimes in

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therapeutic and health settings, we think about therapeutic work as something that

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may be placed onto someone rather than it, kind of, happening collaboratively and

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also happening and emerging from the person themselves.

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But in that process, sometimes it becomes

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a little dehumanizing where the person gets splintered into many different pieces

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rather than all the things that are also, very life affirming.

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Yeah, I love that. Dr.

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Norris, you gave us so much to think about.

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I want to ask you, walk Kirsten, myself, and some of the listeners through your

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process, what does a music therapy process look like?

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What do we do first?

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So that's going to change depending on

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each setting, and also based upon the goals of the setting.

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So most music therapists do work through some aspect of goals.

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So it depends upon what is the experience

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of the person or the people that are coming to therapy.

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Is it something around socialization, having access to healthy relationships?

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Is it about building coordination within different parts of the body?

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That has a different set of goals.

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This is like, AKA, getting over someone or AKA, learning how to dance?

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Is that what the goal is according to what you just said?

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Maybe they're connected in some way!

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But yes, you can have a relational goal

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that has to do with moving through conflicts in a relationship.

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And there can be goals around that.

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Simple things like forgiveness. I know

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these are kind of like, broader concepts . But for example, cognitive dissonance.

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So this idea of having tensions around our

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experiences, whether it be cognitive tensions, emotional tensions around things

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that are happening in our world, there's ways in which we can think about how music

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itself has elements of dissonance that's built in.

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Can the exposure to, or the creation of

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dissonance within music, help and expand into other aspects of our life?

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So, for example, this was many, many years ago, but I remember I was working with a

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group of my peers, actually, and we were doing toning, vocal toning.

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And so vocal toning is pretty much just

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singing elongated vowels on a singular note with a group of people.

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And as you kind of move through different sounds, you usually start creating some

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kind of consonance or dissonance within the sounds, right?

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So if we all started to do like just did a note, like if I went hmmmmmm...

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Yeah, I was going to say, can we do it?

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We can do a little here, let's try it! I'm down.

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I'll start with a note, and I'm going to

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invite you to kind of come in on any note that you choose.

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If you need to take a breath and reenter, that's fine.

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Let's see if we can play with it a little bit.

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We might want to change our notes and see where it takes us, right?

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And I see, okay, getting water, getting ready!

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Bey's doing warmups, yeah!

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So like if I were to start, I would start here.... Hmmmmmmmm....

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Hmmmmmmmm...

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Hmmmmmmmmm...

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Okay, so there's a lot of things we could talk about there!

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Yeah, so what? Break it down!

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So we could definitely talk about... Yeah, be kind!

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The overtones! Yeah!

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We could talk about different aspects of the actual sound.

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We could talk about the vibrational experience, as well.

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We can talk about the onset of breath, like the entry into that note.

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Physiologically, usually you have to prepare yourself to start, as you did.

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You drank some water to get us started.

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But you also usually want to have a

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capacity of breath in order to keep and sustain a sound.

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So, for us to kind of think about those

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moments, what happened when someone needed to change.

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I could sense when someone was going to change or take a breath.

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Like, what was the process for us?

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Did someone say, okay, I'm going to hold

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my note a little bit longer just to not break the sound?

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So there's some aspects of that that's

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present here, but to kind of go back to that idea of dissonance and consonance.

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I remember within this particular group

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that I was working with, we were doing this toning for an extended period of

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time, and we actually ended on this wildly dissonant note.

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And one of my colleagues, he was just like, "I couldn't stand it! What was -

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I can't believe it. Why didn't you kind of come back to the one, Marisol?

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Why didn't you come back to the one?" And

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I was like, "Well, why should we come back to the one?

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Does life always allow us to come back to the one and to that tonic chord that gives

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some familiarity and has a lot of consonance?

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What happens in those stages of dissonance in your life?

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Is that your response?" When you heard

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- when we were making our chords, did you feel comfort?

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And those that are listening did you feel

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comfort when we were able to kind of find something that was harmonically pleasing?

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Thinking about even simply the metaphors of being able to navigate that experience

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and thinking, there is a real life application to the ways in which I take in

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music, and it actually speaks to the ways in which I live in the world.

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That's a very simple shift.

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But to think about the songs that you

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select, to think about the ways in which, you know...

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And I'm using some of these more tragic experiences!

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But sometimes, if you're going through a very sad day, do you turn on something

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that is also quite sad and kind of invoke the Iso-principle, where you match your

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experience with the experience of your music? And then from there, does it kind

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of spiral downward, or does it bring some level of relief?

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Or does it allow for a shift to occur?

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Is it cathartic in some way?

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There's so many different ways that we can take in sound and we make meaning of it,

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but to shift our awareness to that is really important.

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Dr. Norris, I want you to talk, I want you to

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get a chance to talk about your group and the group that you founded.

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It's called Black Music Therapy Network Incorporated.

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Talk about the mission, the goal, the North Star, what it is, what you do?

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So, the Black Music Therapy Network is

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really focused on health and well being of black communities through music.

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And so the bulk of our work is really

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organizing around how to provide services within the community, how to ensure that

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the practices and approaches, even within music therapy as a profession, are

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culturally not only relevant, but culturally sustaining.

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And what I mean by that is that, the cultures that are existent within the

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communities that we serve, we want to amplify all the good that does exist and

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the ways in which music has already been used within those cultures to support

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their overall wellness and to sustain that, rather than replacing it with

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something that may feel dissonant or not as connected to their day to day being.

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And so, a lot of our work does have to do

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with kind of leaning into this liberatory lens, the ways music is used also for

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protest, the ways in which music brings communities together.

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Most recently, I was in Indianapolis working with a campaign, Justice for

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Herman Whitfield III, who was brutally murdered by police officers in his home.

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And actually, his mother called 911,

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called for help because her son was having a mental health crisis.

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And this was the first onset.

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And instead of getting ambulance,

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unfortunately, police officers arrived to the scene, and it was truly devastating.

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And so when the Justice for Herman

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Whitfield campaign reached out to the Black Music Therapy Network, they just

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really wanted an opportunity for music to be used to, one, foster some element of

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processing, for grief, to bring and unite the communities, the various activists

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that are working together, and to galvanize around the next call, right?

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And so we use simple things like call and response as something that's part of our

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regular, everyday musical lexicon within black communities.

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But this is the metaphor for what needs to happen in this moment.

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A call is being made for change, and it's

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our job as a community of people to make a response to that.

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And so, that's just some of the work that we do.

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But it's really kind of leaning into the transformational ways in which music is

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part of our everyday lives, but lifting and amplifying it as being inherently

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healing, inherently healthy, and inherently part of our wellness practices

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that sometimes gets pushed to the side and marginalized within our communities.

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Wow.

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You're just doing such incredible work

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that must make such a difference in so many lives.

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Thank you so much, Dr. Marisol Norris.

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This has been so wonderful.

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Thank you for joining us in studio. In Studio!

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It's so great to chat with you!

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And thanks so much for joining us on So Curious.

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Thank you for having me.

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Thank you so much, Dr.

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Norris, for coming onto the So Curious podcast!

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That was really cool.

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I love the idea, or the note of being aware.

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Because I want to make cool music and I want to make music that impacts people.

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I want it to be the humming thing that we did. Hmmmmmm...

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Hell yeah. I love that.

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Yeah. And now we're joined by Dr.

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Mariel Buqué to speak on her work. Dr.

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Mariel, welcome to the So Curious podcast.

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How are you? Doing good, doing good.

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How are you two doing? We're great.

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We're doing great!

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And we're always talking to people, like yourself, who know way more about these

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topics than we do, so excited to learn from you!

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Yeah, so could you please introduce yourself and tell us what it is you do?

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Absolutely. So I'm Dr.

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Mariel Buqué, I'm a licensed psychologist, and an intergenerational trauma expert.

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I'm also the author of an upcoming book,

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A Guide to Healing Intergenerational Trauma.

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And I do therapy from the perspective of holistic therapy, which is very much an

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integration of indigenous practices, ancient healing practices, meditation,

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soundbath meditation, and all of that into the more Western

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version of therapy that we all know as talk therapy.

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And so your practice focuses heavily on intergenerational trauma.

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Can you explain to us all what that is?

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What's your definition? Yes, absolutely.

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So intergenerational trauma is the only

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trauma that gets passed down generations in families and communities.

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And that happens at the intersection of

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two important experiences that people tend to have.

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One of which is our biology, like any

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genetic expressions that are passed down from our parents when they conceive us.

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What that means is that if we had a parent

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that was, let's say, chronically stressed or in their own traumas, their bodies

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expressed that they were in these traumas through a lot of floods of hormones, and

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their nervous system was probably very overactive for a long period of time.

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So all of that information gets passed genetically to the baby upon conception.

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And then the psychology side is basically

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everything that happens once the baby's conceived.

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If they're inside of the parent's womb and there is a lot of stress in that parent's

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life, a lot of those hormones are still flooding through.

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Then they're born into a world where maybe, let's say, the parents are

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undergoing a divorce, or there's chaos in the home, there's a lot that the child is

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ingesting then, maybe they're bullied in school.

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And that's yet another set of experiences that feel very overwhelming for a kid.

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And maybe they're in their own

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relationship that's turbulent, and so the cycle continues.

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And I can tell by the way you're talking

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about this, this is something that means something to you.

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And your work really is in the advocacy of mental health within BIPOC communities.

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Can you talk about why it's important to you?

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Yeah, it's important to me for several reasons.

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I mean, the motivation to do this work

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came from working in Upper Manhattan, in Washington Heights.

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And my community was basically the

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community that existed there, right? Like, I was so much a part of the community that

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one time I went into the lobby in the OBGYN office where I worked as the mental

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health clinician, and my cousin came out and said, "Hey, Mariel!" And I'm like, oh,

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I'm literally in my community doing the work, right.

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A lot of the motivation to do intergenerational work stemmed from the

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stories that I would hear in my community, both personally and professionally, around

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how these pains continue to get translated forward, generation after generation.

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And in addition to that, the understanding from a place of advocacy and from a place

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of, just being more of a feminist-oriented psychologist, integrating people's

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identities and systems-based perspectives into the work, the understanding that we

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are living within societies and communities that continue to perpetuate

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traumas and these traumas make their ways into our homes.

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And for BIPOC individuals who are

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marginalized, these traumas are relentless.

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They're everyday traumas.

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And so, if I were to do trauma based work,

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it had to integrate that lens and that perspective.

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And I had to help people heal on multiple levels.

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Not just heal their hearts, but extend that healing to their communities and

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extend that healing over to the societies that they live in.

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And what does that healing work look like?

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What's like, the actual activities that people do?

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And how does that translate into, I guess,

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more calm state, more well balanced, well being?

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Yeah, it's a great set of words for it

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because that's in essence, where we start the work.

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So, because I operate from the perspective of being a holistic psychologist, like I

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mentioned, the work that I do first starts with centering the person and helping them

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to feel more comfortable within their own bodies.

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That means that we start regulating their nervous system.

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And that's the initial point at which we start.

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Because what I always like to say is that I can't unpack a person's history,

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especially a history as heavy and long as an intergenerational history, when that

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person is feeling like they're in an inflamed body.

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Because what's going to happen, if we're uncomfortable with the emotion, we're

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going to disassociate, we're going to avoid, we're going to not want to

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continue, we're going to drop out of therapy.

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All the things, right?

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So what's most important is to help the person feel settled first.

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And we do that through a number of things, right?

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There's soundbath meditation.

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There's deep breathing that I integrate into the work.

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There's letters to people that have loved us or that continue to love us even if

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they're no longer living, like ancestral letters.

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There's different mechanisms of regulating the nervous system that we know in the

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area of psychology, especially somatic psychology, that is really effective.

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Like, rocking from side to side, which

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invites in a rhythm that helps the nervous system feel relaxed.

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Humming is another thing that I integrate into the work.

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And all of that is the initial work, right?

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So when a person is feeling like, okay, I

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can tolerate the emotion that comes with unpacking my history, then we start

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transitioning into actually doing the work.

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Wow. Yeah.

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That is so much I mean, that... No, that was a lot.

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That's incredible that you're doing this.

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I'm very intrigued by your work with sound baths.

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So can you tell us, what is a sound bath?

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What instruments do you use?

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So sound baths are, in essence, sound medicine, right?

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So sound bath started many moons ago,

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hundreds upon hundreds of years, in Tibetan culture.

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And within the culture itself, there were some brass instruments that were used to

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emit frequencies of sounds that could induce a relaxation state.

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Fast forward a number of years.

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There have been different kinds of sound bowls that have also been utilized, like

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quartz bowls, which is primarily what I use.

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And each of these bowls emits sound

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vibrations at certain frequencies that taken together basically, like, bathe you

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in sound, create micro vibrations that are said to settle your body back into place.

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In addition to that, it also helps us to balance out the mind.

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And the way that I do sound bath

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meditation is that I introduce mantras, deep breathing, other things that I know

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are also going to help the mind element, in addition to also rebalancing the body.

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Wow. How did you come to use sound baths in

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your treatments and your therapy practices?

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Yeah, I'm very curious about that too.

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How did you decide to do this?

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Well, the story comes from my wanting to integrate, and really diving into a lot of

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ways to integrate ancient practices into the therapeutic world.

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And I was already doing meditation and

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vision and imagery exercises for quite some time, because I had actually been

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trained in a three year fellowship to integrate these practices into the work.

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But on a birthday a number of years ago, my cousin, knowing that that was how I

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wanted to orient the work, actually gifted me a sound bow.

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Awwww... Yeah, she's wonderful.

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She's actually a neuroscientist and she

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studies a lot of these perspectives, but from the structural mind.

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And so she understood how important it was to me to really understand the science

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behind it, but also understand how to integrate it.

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And so she was really the segue to getting

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into sound bathing and bringing that element into my work.

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That's wonderful.

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I mean, we talked so much in our mental health season about - we talked to people

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across a very wide variety of the mental health world and there was such a large

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common thread of how important a support system is.

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So I think that's so wonderful that your

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cousin was so supportive and pushing you into something that you love.

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Yeah, shouts out to them. But can you walk us through how you would

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use sound baths during a therapy session, and specifically, how they kind of

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integrate in with the intergenerational trauma work?

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So what I like to do in session is that I like to sandwich my sessions.

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What I mean by that is that I bring in the

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sound bowl and sound medicine as like a part of how we segue into the work.

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And part of the reason why I do that is

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because of the same philosophy that I hold around making sure that the body is

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settled and able to invite in the discomfort of talking about heavy things.

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And so that's a really essential piece.

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And then at the end of session, I

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sandwiched the session with a meditation and breath work.

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And the reason being is because,

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typically, what happens in the middle is pretty unsettling.

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People are talking about long histories,

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they're talking about family dynamics and oppression.

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I mean, like, just the works of things

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that feel really heavy and unsettle their nervous system.

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Even though we've done the work at the beginning to settle.

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So we rebalance it.

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We come back to what feels like it can be helpful.

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So prior to starting with anyone, of

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course I introduce what sound bathing is, I provide information, and of course

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, provide clients with the agency to choose and to opt into these practices.

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In between, if I notice that they feel

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unsettled or they look unsettled, I bring in that perspective yet again.

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Like I'll say, "Hey, I'm noticing you're a little jittery, or I'm noticing that your

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body shifted, and can we notice that together?

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Let's breathe in and then we resettle the

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body," because I want them to feel safe as the work continues.

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So that's in essence, kind of what it would look like, right?

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It's a full integration of the work, but

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very intentionally, before and after, and then wherever I see fit.

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And so how it works with intergenerational

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trauma is that I help people to understand and visualize how their body is

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transitioning and healing as they're doing these practices.

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And I also help them to understand how important it is to, outside of therapy,

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for them to also do the exercises that are going to be helpful.

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What a practical set of steps to really

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kind of get yourself into a place of wellness.

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And it's a practice too, right?

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It's not like, "oh, I'm done!" It's like, no, it's a practice.

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Yeah. Well, thank you so much.

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So, on behalf of the Franklin Institute and myself and Bey, we want to thank you

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so much for taking the time to be on our show.

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We really appreciate it. Yeah.

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And any parting words for the listeners?

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Any final thoughts?

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Yeah, things that are really heavy, like

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mental health and trauma can sometimes feel like they are really hard to tackle.

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But I would just urge people to take each day to just introduce a little bit of

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gentleness and maybe one practice into their day and just be patient with

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themselves, because the combination of all of the things that they'll do will

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eventually lead to a life that feels less heavy.

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So just stick it out. That's beautiful.

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Thank you so much. This was so centering.

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So thank you so much for being with us. We really appreciate it.

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Wonderful. Thank you.

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It's been such a pleasure.

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That was such an incredible, calming,

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centering, grounding note to end the episode on.

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That was really awesome. Yeah, that was great.

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That was great. Kirsten, have you ever had a sound bath?

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I have never had a sound bath.

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I would definitely want to try it. What about you?

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No, I'm right there with you. I've tried other things.

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I've done float therapy, so I would absolutely be down.

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Yeah, that's like literally a bath, right? Amazing.

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Well, be sure to join us next week for our

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next episode of the So Curious podcast, because we are going to be exploring all

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the different ways that our brain can interpret what we hear.

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So in my case, I see colors to music, and

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I hear specific musical pitches to specific colors that I see.

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That's right, we're doing a deep dive into how our brains understand music.

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And make sure to give us a five star rating, we love five stars!

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This podcast is made in partnership with

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RADIOKISMET, Philadelphia's premier podcast production studio.

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This podcast is produced by Amy Carson.

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The Franklin Institute's Director of Digital Editorial is Joy Montefusco.

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Dr Jayatri Das is the Franklin Institute's chief bioscientist, and Erin Armstrong

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runs marketing, communications and digital media.

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Head of operations is Christopher Plant.

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Our mix engineer is Justin Berger and our audio editor is Lauren DeLuca.

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Our graphic designer is Emma Seager.

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And I am Kirsten Michelle Cills.

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And I'm The Bul Bey! Thank you!

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